With the arrival of peak winter, China is witnessing a surge in flu and respiratory illnesses, filling hospitals with sick patients.

Viral videos circulating on social media show overcrowded hospitals, raising concerns about a new outbreak. 

This respiratory virus, identified as Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), has been spreading rapidly across northern Chinese provinces, primarily affecting children and the elderly.

Although many nations are monitoring the situation closely, Beijing has downplayed concerns, calling it a seasonal winter trend. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) has not declared it a global health emergency, but rising cases have prompted Chinese health authorities to strengthen monitoring systems. 

What is HMPV? 

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that causes flu-like symptoms similar to the common cold.

Though generally mild, it can lead to severe complications such as pneumonia, especially in infants, elderly individuals, and people with weakened immune systems. 

HMPV is not a new virus—it was first identified in 2001. It is a single-stranded RNA virus that spreads through respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing) or contaminated surfaces. The virus has been detected in several countries, including the UK. 

Symptoms of HMPV 

• Cough
• Runny or blocked nose
• Sore throat
• Fever

In severe cases, it can lead to: 

• Wheezing
• Breathing difficulties
• Pneumonia
• Severe asthma in adults

Infants under one-year-old, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of developing severe respiratory illnesses. 

Treatment and precautions 

While anyone can contract HMPV, the virus poses the most significant risk to young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. 

Children under five years old are particularly vulnerable, with 5% to 16% of cases escalating into severe respiratory infections like pneumonia. 

Unlike COVID-19, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for HMPV.

Management primarily involves symptom control, including: 

• Staying hydrated
• Resting
• Using fever-reducing medications (as advised by a doctor)

How to stay safe? 

Health experts suggest that while there is no immediate cause for panic, those at higher risk should take preventive measures, especially during the winter and spring months. 

To reduce the risk of infection, people should: 

• Wash hands regularly
• Avoid touching the face
• Wear masks in crowded places
• Stay home if feeling unwell

The virus typically lasts between 3 to 6 days, and most people recover without complications. However, high-risk individuals should seek medical attention if symptoms worsen. 

As HMPV cases continue to rise in China, experts emphasize the importance of awareness and preventive measures to curb its spread.