The United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly adopted a resolution urging Israel to permit unrestricted humanitarian access to Gaza and respect UN facilities.

The move follows an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice clarifying Israel’s obligations as an occupying power.

The draft resolution, tabled by Norway with support from over a dozen states, secured backing from 139 countries. Only 12, including Israel and the United States, voted against it, while 19 abstained.

The resolution emphasizes Israel’s duty to facilitate humanitarian aid, cease attacks on UN facilities, and adhere to international law in line with its responsibilities under the UN Charter and humanitarian law.

Context and ICJ advisory opinion

The resolution follows October’s advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice, which outlined Israel’s responsibilities in occupied territories. Member states highlighted the importance of legal clarity regarding humanitarian assistance for civilians in Gaza.

Norway’s Permanent Representative Merete Fjeld Brattested cited recent attacks, including Israel’s entry into UNRWA’s Sheikh Jarrah compound, as evidence that respect for humanitarian principles is under pressure. “Civilians are paying the highest price,” she said.

Reactions from key stakeholders

US envoy Jeff Bartos criticized the resolution, calling it “an unfair targeting of Israel” despite recent peace agreements and Security Council resolutions.

Philippe Lazzarini, UNRWA Commissioner-General, welcomed the vote as strong support for the agency’s neutrality and mandate. Palestinian National Council Speaker Rouhi Fattouh praised the wide margin, warning of escalating occupation crimes and deteriorating humanitarian conditions in Gaza.

Current humanitarian situation

Since the October ceasefire, Israel has allowed only limited humanitarian deliveries into Gaza. The UN and international observers stress that immediate, unrestricted access is essential to alleviate civilian suffering and protect vulnerable populations.

The ICJ affirmed that Israel, as the occupying power, must uphold its legal obligations, including safeguarding humanitarian access and respecting UN premises. The General Assembly’s resolution reinforces this international legal stance.